Official Winter Break Essay

However, even though Columbus did not discover the Americas first, European Exploration still had a ore immense impact within their world and our modern world today. One of the major reasons the European Exploration turned out to have a much bigger impact in history' than any other exploration is due to the formation Of the European Exchange. Thanks to the exchange many goods had been traded and thus the creation of many foodstuff as well as other materials such as tobacco and crops. The European Exchange is one of the major reasons that the European Exploration is recognized above all other explorations.The trade between these countries lead to many others to come o Europe for valuable resources and Europe began to expand and grow, not only due to the newly conquered land, but to the new people that were coming for the resources. I believe that this is because of how large this was on the scale and the explorers prior to the Europeans never made a big deal rather they just kept movi ng on and missed an opportune chance. European Exploration also overshadows the other explorations as the fact that they were more ruthless and willing to do anything in their power to expand their religion, obtain more gold, and be glorified for their actions.Their actions lead to them to enslave and slay the natives of the New World whether by accident (disease). Their sheer numbers had overwhelmed many places that they conquered and changed the society of the people around them. Native Americans turned into Catholics and lived the same way as the Europeans. Other countries, such as China, used Ghent Hajj was took on more of a peaceful approach yet not to an extent. China used the tribute system which enforced their power on the land nearby, whereas Vocal De Gamma, aEuropean explorer, enslaved and killed hundreds to capture ports for Portugal to trade. Their ways were very much similar, however Europeans were more ruthless and quicker and thus their influence was more massive and swifter which is why their influence is still active today. Rupee's strength was not solely the reason why its influence was so solid- some states like.

Peloponnesian War Essay

Nearly during fifty years that preceded Peloponnesian War, the Greek history was characterized by development of the city of Athens as the main power in the Mediterranean world. The ancient Greece is a term used to describe the Greek speaking world in the ancient times which included the Hellenic culture that were settled in Greek during the ancient times. The ancient times in Greece was influenced by frequent migration as several people were forced to leave their land due to pressure from superior tribes. People were not free to cultivate their land since they could not predict when the invaders would come. Most of these people sort refuge in the city of Athens as a safe retreat. No form of communication, no freedom of trade and the richest soil were frequently invaded thus changed master. Such fertile district included most parts of Peloponnese, Boeotia, and Thessaly (Hanson, V, 2005). The city of Athens in Europe was the birthplace of democracy and became the most powerful and the leading city in the Ancient Greece during the first millennium BC. Classical democracy which was also called Athenian democracy was the democratic system that greatly developed in the Ancient Greek city state Athens and it’s surrounding such the Attica. Many states in Greek also had democracies but not in the Athenian model nor were they as powerful and stable as the Athenian democracy. It started as a small group of city states who merged in order to bring to an end the then intense Persian war. It had several cultural achievements that laid the foundation for the western civilization. Just before the commencement of the Peloponnesian war, the city of Athens had grown in power and wealth and was the strongest city state in Greece. After a short while the city of Athens started dominated and invading other city-states. They succeeded in dominating all the Greece except the Sparta and its allies thus making the Athens Empire with which they were able to defeat the Persians and thereafter formed a coalition of Greek city-states. Just after the departure of the Persians friction began between the Athens and the Peloponnese states including Sparta who were trying to hinder the Athenians from building the walls of Athens but their hindrances were thwarted (Cawkwell, G, 1997). The Peloponnesians believed that without the walls the Athenians would defenseless against land attack and thus would be easily subjects to Sparta since they (the Spartans) overpowered the Athenians in land war. Since they did not succeed in their bid, they felt secretly grieved. All this events marked the birthpangs of Peloponnesian war. Other events that fueled the war involved the Athens and the Corinth. After Corinth faced defeated from Corcyra which happened to be one of their colony, they started building naval power but the Corcyra formed an ally with the Athens so as to gain defense against any farther attack from the Corinth. Peloponnesian war which is also known as Athenian war commenced in 431BC between the Athenians and the Spartans who were leading the Peloponnesian league at that time. Many were the underlying factors behind this war which lasted up to 404BC. These two countries had made a peace treaty which had lasted for thirty years at that time. However, the Spartans felt threatened by the increasing power and wealth of the Athenians since they (the Athenians) being power hungry had began to reassert their control on the mainland of Greece. The other factor that triggered the war was the trade sanctions that the Athenians gave to the Megarans who were Spartans allies. As a result of this, Spartans and the Athenians fell into another war which was named Peloponnesian war after the Peloponnesian league which was led by the Spartans. This war lasted for over twenty seven years and it occurred in three different phases namely: Archidamian War, the attack of the Syracuse in Sicily and the Decelean war or the Lonian war. First phase of the war named Archidamian war, after the king of Sparta called Archidamus II, took place between 431BC and 421 BC. At the outbreak of the war the Spartans attacked Attica and burned all their crops with an aim to starve the Athenians forcing many of the citizens in Attica to leave their farms and seek refuge inside the long walls that joined Athens and its port known Piraeus. The general of the Spartan army during this period was Brasidas while the general of the Athenian army was Cleon. They highly wished to fight the land war which they were good at to the disadvantage of the Athenians who anchored on the powerful navy they had. A good number of the population of the Athenians died during this period not only as a result of the war but also an outbreak of plague which consumed almost two thirds of entire Athens population. Each of the sides believed that it would over power the other and therefore force a surrender which was not the case (Kallet, L, 2001). After ten years of struggles and fighting, both the two nations were worn down and thus they agreed and signed a fifty-year peace treaty which was called the Peace of Nicias. The peace treaty was named Nicia after an Athenian politician and general leader of the Athens at that time. However, the treaty lasted for only six years after the death of Brasidas and Cleon thereafter there was an outbreak of another war which ushered the second phase of the war. During these six years there were constant skirmishes and even though the Spartans kept themselves from war their allies constantly conversed on the possibility of revolt. As a result of these talks the allies got good support from Argos one of the cities within Peloponnesus which was quite independent from Lacedaemon (another Greek name for Sparta). They managed to form a coalition with other democratic states within the Peloponnese such as Elis and Mantinea and the Spartans were unable to break this coalition despite all their efforts. A small portion of Athenians including Alcibiades backed this coalition too. History has it that the war which occurred in Mantinea was the fiercest war that was ever fought during Peloponnesian war. The Lacedaemonians together with their neighbors Tegean faced a tough opposition from the combined forces of the Mantinea, Argos, Arcadia and the Athens. The Spartans who were also known as Lacedaemonians were able to put down this coalition forcing the democratic alliance to break. Finally, the members of this coalition joined the Peloponnesian league. The second phase of this war was characterized by the attack in Sicily from Syracuse. The people of Syracuse were Dorians as the Spartans whereas the Sicilians were Ionians as the Athenians. The colonization of the Sicily would have been a great door for getting immense wealth by the Athenians. During this time the Athenian religious statute was destroyed by an anonymous figure but the charges were placed upon Alcibiades who demanded trial immediately so that he could defend himself. Instead, the Athenians allowed him to go for expedition. He was then summoned back to Athens when he was in Sicily but he fearing that he could possibly be condemned unjustly, he opted not to return to Athens and instead defected to the side of Spartans (Krentz, P, 1982). He became a resourceful person to the Spartans by revealing to the Spartans the underlying plans of the Athenians as pertained to the city of Sicily including the Athenian plan to use Sicily as a springboard to conquer Italy and use the resources plus the soldiers in these new conquests to conquer all the Peloponnese. In order to counteract this move, Nicia was taken to replace Alcibiades as mission who then was commissioned to mount an attack on the Syracuse. But with the help from Spartans, the Athenians were all defeated miserably thus they were unable to invade the city. The joint reinforcement of the Spartans, Corinth and Peloponnese league to Syracuse were able to entirely destroy the Athenian fleet and consequently all their army was sold off into slavery The Sicily attack almost left the Athenians powerless since their power was more vested in the naval power and any of their troops that remained were killed and enslaved by the Syracusans. This war had detrimental effect on the Athenian empire as their treasury was reading empty and their strong youths were held prisoners in a strange land. Through the advice of Alcibiades, the Spartans were able to fortify Decelea, a city near Athens, thus preventing the shipment of supplies to Athens and also hindering them from using their land in a full year. This move disrupted the sliver mines that were nearby and thus forced the supplies to be taken by sea at an increased cost. Worst of all, the Spartans freed most of the Athenian slaves at Decelea forcing the Athenians to seek tribute from their subject allies which farther caused tension and a threat of rebellion within the Athenian empire (Robert B, 1996). Despite all these humiliating defeat in the Sicily the Athenians never gave up on their fight but they managed to escape. For instance, the slow with which the Spartans furnished their troops and ship. The Syracuse and the Corinth were also not speedy enough in letting their fleet in Aegean thus giving the Athenians an opportunity to survive. The Spartan officers lacked necessary skills and these accounted for their slowness in furnishing the troops. During the last phase of the war, the Spartans received reinforcement from the Persians who offered assistance in form of money and ship. The Persians allied with the bid to revenge on the Athenians for the war they had prosecuted in the earlier century. Whenever war was shifted to the sea the Athenians could enjoy victory. Under the leadership of General Lysander, the Spartans got an overall victory over the Athenians. As a result of this Alcibiades exiled himself from Athens because he was not re-elected as the general of the Athenians. Unfortunately their fleets were completely destroyed due to a surprise attack which then left them very hopeless and consequently they surrendered to the Spartans who broke the walls of their cities and barred them from possessing a navy. The aftermaths of the Peloponnesian included the overthrowing of oligarchs and restoration of democracy. This war reshaped the ancient Greek world. Sparta was established as the leading power in Greece whereas Athens which was the powerful state was lowered into subjection. Poverty was greatly experienced in Peloponnesus due to the economic costs of the war across the entire Greece. Reference: Cawkwell, G. L. (1997). Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War. London: Routledge. Hanson, V. (2005). How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War. New York: Random House. Kallet, L. (2001). The Sicilia Expedition and its Aftermath. Berkeley: University of California Press, Krentz, P. (1982). The Thirty at Athens. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, Robert B. (1996). A Guide to the Peloponnesian War. New York: The Free Press.

Hallmarks of Scientific Research Essay

Successful managerial decisions are seldom made on hunches or on trail and error method. The sound and effective decisions are always made on the basis of scientific research. Scientific research focuses on solving problems in a step _by _step logical, organized and rigorous manner in each step of research viz., identifying problem, gathering data, analyzing it and in arriving at a valid conclusion. Organizations may not always be involved in the scientific research due to various reasons like – simple problems which can solved with previous experience, time contingency, lack of knowledge, resource constraints etc., However the scientific research performed in a rigorous and systematic way leads to repeatable and comparable research findings. It also enables the researchers to arrive at accurate, dependable and subjective findings. The hallmarks or distinguishing characteristic features of scientific research are as follows: Purposiveness The research is conducted with a purpose. It has a focus. The purpose of the research should be clearly mentioned in an understandable and unambiguous manner. The statement of the decision problem should include its scope, its limitations and the precise meaning of all words and terms significant to the research. Failure to mention the purpose clearly will raise doubts in the minds of stakeholders of the research as to whether the researcher has sufficient understanding of the problem. Rigor Rigor means carefulness, scrupulousness and the degree of exactness in research investigation. In order to make a meaningful and worthwhile contribution to the field of knowledge, research must be carried out rigorously. Conducting a rigorous research requires a good theoretical knowledge and a clearly laid out methodology. This will eliminate the bias; facilitate proper data collection and analysis, which in turn would lead to sound and reliable research findings. Testability Research should be based on testable assumptions/hypotheses developed after a careful study of the problems involved. The scientific research should enable the testing of logically developed hypotheses to see whether or not the data collected support the hypotheses developed. Replicability Research findings would command more faith and credence if the same results are evolved on different set of data. The results of the test hypothesis should be supported again and again when the same type of research is repeated in other similar circumstances. This will ensures the scientific nature of the research conducted and more confidence could be placed in the research findings. It also eliminates the doubt that the hypotheses are supported by chance and ensures that the findings reflect the true state of affairs. Precision and Confidence In management research the findings are seldom definitive due to the fact that the universe of items, events or population are not taken as such but based on sample drawn from universe. There is a probability that the sample may not reflect the universe. Measurement errors and other problems are bound to introduce an element of error in the findings. However the research design should ensure that the findings are as close to the reality as possible so that one can have confidence in the findings. Precision refers to the closeness of the finding to ‘reality’ based on sample. It reflects the degree of accuracy or exactitude of the results on the basis of the sample to what exactly is in the universe. The confidence interval in statistics is referred here as precision. Confidence refers to the probability that the estimation made in the research findings are correct. It is not enough if the results are precise but it is also important to claim that 95% of the time the results would be true and there is only a 5% chance of the results being wrong. This is known as confidence level. If the precision and confidence levels of the research findings are higher then the findings of the research study would be more scientific and useful. Precision and confidence can be attained through appropriate scientific sampling design. Objectivity Research finding should be factual, databased and free from bias. The conclusion drawn should be based on the facts of the findings derived form the actual data and not on the basis of subjective or emotional values. Business organizations will suffer a greater extent of damage if a non-data-based or misleading conclusion drawn from the research is implemented. Scientific approach ensures objectivity of research. Generalizability It refers to the scope of applying the research findings of one organizational setting to other settings of almost similar nature. The research will be more useful if the solutions are applicable to a wider range. The more generlizable the research, the greater will be its usefulness and value. However it is not always possible to generalize the research findings to all other settings, situations or organizations. For achieving genaralizability the sampling design has to be logically developed and data collection method needs to be very sound. This may increase the cost of conducting the research. In most of the cases though the research findings would be based on scientific methods it is applicable only to a particular organization, settings or situations. Parsimony Research needs to be conducted in a parsimonious i.e. simple and economical manner. Simplicity in explaining the problems and generalizing solutions for the problems is preferred to a complex research framework. Economy in research models can be achieved by way of considering less number of variables leading to greater variance rather than considering more number of variables leading to less variance. Clear understanding regarding the problem and the factors influencing the same will lead to parsimony in research activities. The sound understanding can be achieved through structured and unstructured interview with the concerned people and by undertaking a study of related literature in the problem area. The scientific research in management area cannot fulfill all the above-discussed hallmarks to the fullest extent. In management research it is not always possible to conduct investigations that are 100% scientific like in physical science as it is difficult to collect and measure the data regarding the feelings, emotions, attitudes and perception. It is also difficult to obtain representative sample; these aspects restrict the generlizability of the findings. Though it is not possible to meet all the above said characteristics of the scientific research, to the extent possible the research activities should be pursued in the scientific manner. Reason is the tool by which the human mind comes to understand the world. There are two processes by which reason tries to understand events: deductive reasoning, based on generally accepted principles, and inductive reasoning, in which general principles are formed from observed events. The field of economics has deductive and inductive sides, which are complementary to each other. Read more: Induction Vs. Deduction Economics | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5427109_induction-vs-deduction-economics.html#ixzz2KoG5qmEy Deduction in Economics †¢ Deductive economics starts with a set of axioms about economies and how they work, and relies on these principles to explain individual cases or events. Supply and demand analysis, a staple in any introductory economics course, is an example of deductive reasoning because it involves a set of generally accepted principles about demand and supply. To summarize, deduction in economics starts with a generally accepted principle and proceeds to the specific. Induction in Economics †¢ Inductive reasoning in economics does the reverse of deductive reasoning; namely, it begins with an individual problem or question and proceeds to form a general principle based on the evidence observed in the real world of economic activity. For example, an economist who asks if a government program of public works spending will stimulate a region’s economy will proceed to research the issue, collect and analyze data, and based on conclusions, form a general theory about the economic impact of fiscal policies. Read more: Induction Vs. Deduction Economics | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5427109_induction-vs-deduction-economics.html#ixzz2KoGFvGGU Induction-Deduction Link †¢ Although deduction and induction represent two differing approaches to understanding economic phenomena, the 19th century American economist Henry George observed that they are related. George noted that induction involves the use of human reason to investigate facts, while deduction is the derivative of the former. Effects †¢ Applying George’s insight on deduction and induction in economics, deduction involves the use of economic principles and theories that have been empirically verified through observation, research, and critical analysis. Generally accepted principles of supply and demand, for example, can inform our understanding of economic transactions only if they are based on empirical evidence, collected and analyzed through the inductive process. Features †¢ Induction in economics requires rigorous use of the methodology of economic research. This includes use of the mathematical modeling and statistical processes used in econometrics, or economic measurement. Findings from inductive reasoning then form economic theories used in deductive analysis. Read more: Induction Vs. Deduction Economics | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5427109_induction-vs-deduction-economics.html#ixzz2KoGNpTEs Logical arguments are usually classified as either ‘deductive’ or ‘inductive’. Deduction: In the process of deduction, you begin with some statements, called ‘premises’, that are assumed to be true, you then determine what else would have to be true if the premises are true. For example, you can begin by assuming that God exists, and is good, and then determine what would logically follow from such an assumption. You can begin by assuming that if you think, then you must exist, and work from there. In mathematics you can begin with some axioms and then determine what you can prove to be true given those axioms. With deduction you can provide absolute proof of your conclusions, given that your premises are correct. The premises themselves, however, remain unproven and unprovable, they must be accepted on face value, or by faith, or for the purpose of exploration. Induction: In the process of induction, you begin with some data, and then determine what general conclusion(s) can logically be derived from those data. In other words, you determine what theory or theories could explain the data. For example, you note that the probability of becoming schizophrenic is greatly increased if at least one parent is schizophrenic, and from that you conclude that schizophrenia may be inherited. That is certainly a reasonable hypothesis given the data. Note, however, that induction does not prove that the theory is correct. There are often alternative theories that are also supported by the data. For example, the behavior of the schizophrenic parent may cause the child to be schizophrenic, not the genes. What is important in induction is that the theory does indeed offer a logical explanation of the data. To conclude that the parents have no effect on the schizophrenia of the children is not supportable given the data, and would not be a logical conclusion. Deduction and induction by themselves are inadequate for a scientific approach. While deduction gives absolute proof, it never makes contact with the real world, there is no place for observation or experimentation, no way to test the validity of the premises. And, while induction is driven by observation, it never approaches actual proof of a theory. The development of the scientific method involved a gradual synthesis of these two logical approaches.

Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting Essay

Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting - Essay Example The essay "Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting" explores the history and development of Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting. The term calligraphy, in an approving way, illustrates the Chinese use of line of painting. Brushwork can be described as an indispensable characteristic of Chinese painting. Brushwork and ink provide the basis for Chinese pictures even with employment of color. Chinese art Cognoscenti recognize the character of a line the moment they cite a painting. Chinese writing and painting developed simultaneously sharing the same techniques and tools. Some types of brushes able to create rhythmically diminishing and swelling lines developed between 4500 and 2000 BC embellished linear patterns on pottery jars. Block-like symbols characterize Chinese writing. These bock-like symbols stand for ideas. These symbols are referred to as the characters which evolved from pictograms. The ancient painters and calligraphers regularized the symbols where they de signed each one the symbols to conform to an imaginary square, whether composed of one or 64 strokes. The ancient Chinese calligraphers and painters drew the strokes in regard to a character in a certain order. Calligraphy developed swiftly yielding numerous classes of script. Regular and clerical scripts consist of short, detached strokes easily written with a brush. As the delight of writing took charge, calligraphers devised more techniques, as well as the cursive and running scripts where the calligraphers joined. character’s lines and dots they wrote independently in formal styles (Fazzioli, 1986, p. 35). The earliest form of Chinese writings was the oracle bones referred to as chia-ku-we. These writings were mainly used for sacred functions e.g. connecting with the gods. Chia-ku-we was an oracle-bone with inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones (Kwo, 1990, p. 61-63). Chuan-shu, a seal script, characterized the Second evolution of Chinese calligraphy. This form of writing emanated from oracle-bone script. The script was compatible other plans that calligraphers used previously (Kwo, 1990, p. 60). Another change was made to design an aspect that came up with clerical script, known as li shu. Calligraphers and painters wrote the design on silk and paper (Fazzioli, 1986, p. 67). This allowed additional fluid strokes. This is unlike previous cast of iron. The breakthrough of coming up with clerical script, which used brushes and ink marked the starting of calligraphy as a mode of expressing through art. The discovery of clerical script did not mark the end of calligraphy development, but it opened up chances for more improvements. Some of the later designed that improved the calligraphy writings include cursive script, standard script, and running a script (Kwo, 1990, p. 66). Cursive script started as a shorthand technique used in writing personal letters and notes inclusive of the writer and close friends. Invention of this script took place in the early second century B.C.E. Since cursive script allowed for more personalization, it became a channel for â€Å"individual expression that sometimes transcended the contents of the texts†. Creation of Kai-shu happened in efforts to improve the clerical script. It started from the Han Dynasty. Calligraphy gurus of Tang reign altered the previous script from the six reigns and created a â€Å"bold yet elegant standard-type script† (Nakata, 1982, p. 25) that balanced composition of character with brush movement. A simplified version and a freehand method of standard script were referred to as the running script

A SWOT Analysis of the Blackberry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A SWOT Analysis of the Blackberry - Essay Example SWOT Analysis Before 2002 the Blackberry was an ordinary two-way pager along with a thumb keyboard. Soon, it introduced the 5000 and 6000 series Blackberry and raised its market attraction with Java and e-mail features. The next launch of 7000 series included additional features such as full color screen and better web browsing. After the launch of 7100 series, the company focused the attention to capture the market of ordinary consumer rather than its past niche area of business professionals. In its desire to create a niche area of general consumers, the re-strengthening process began with the 8000 series, offering Wi-Fi capabilities, built in cameras, and memory enhancing alternatives. The latest 9000 series has heightened the Blackberry’s strengths with the inclusion of full HTML support for web pages, the capacity to receive RSS feeds, and other superior online social networking features (Vercillo, 2010). With this graph of innovative history, a SWOT analysis of the Black berry will show the mirror of what is in store for Blackberry. Strengths Till now the innovative past track of the Blackberry has enabled the RIM to capture a good chunk of the American market, with 37 percent of the US market for smart-phones relatively to its next nearest rival Windows Mobile at 26 percent (Hansberry, 2009). Smart Phone Market Shares for year of 2009 and last quarter 2009 SMARTPHONES Table 1 1 - Nokia . . . .   68 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   39% 2 - RIM  . . . . .   35 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   20% 3 - Apple . . . .   25 Milllion  Ã‚  Ã‚   15% 4 - HTC   . . . . .   8 Million   Ã‚   5% 5 - Others . . .   35 Million  Ã‚  Ã‚   21% Total   . . . . . . 175 Million The above table indicates the overall market share of RIM’s smart-phones at 20 percent of the total sale of 175 million; it was next only to Nokia . A big part of this market power is from the business category of IT professionals, increasing its sales with BlackBerry Enterprise Server, as IT p rofessionals can manipulate its features like disabling multimedia add-ons such as the camera and music player to limiting the specific websites’ user experience. No rival so far has succeeded in providing this functionality from the IT aspect (Morisy, 2008). Weaknesses The weaknesses of the BlackBerry erupt from its stronghold on IT capabilities; the IT section of the Company is not as keen about add-on IT features as media, web browsing and others, which are nicely managed by Windows Mobile and others. It has been late in introducing the touch-screen capability (Vercillo, 2010). Not offering High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) on all models, RIM has become a soft target from the rival companies offering this capability at competitive cost on various models. This drawback of the company policy could prove costly in the long run (Chan, 2009). The Blackberry’s network architecture since the global outage of April 2007, although it happened on a small scale can bec ome a serious problem in future (Blackberry Blast, 2007). Opportunities The Blackberry Partners Fund can be a great opportunity for RIM, as it is being leveraged to develop downloadable applications for the BlackBerry from other companies (Gardner, 2008). This market has been captured by Apples iPhone, and the BlackBerry has not shown eagerness for this model of developing applications. Therefore,

Environment Management for Sustainable Development Assignment

Environment Management for Sustainable Development - Assignment Example Of particular interest to the firm has been the BP oil company. This was brought about by the oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico that involved the company. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill occurred on April 20th 2010 at the Gulf of Mexico. This was as a result of gas release and consequent significant eruptions on the Horizon oil rig in the Macondo exploration well that belonged to BP Company. Considered as the worst and largest oil spill in marine history, the explosion caused the loss of life of eleven workers in the rig and about seventeen other workers suffering serious injuries. The fire explosion burned for hours before the rig sank causing the oil spill occurrence. The oil spill resulted to considerable economic, environmental and social losses some of which continue to be felt to date (Benoit P, 2011). This report aims to provides a substantial analysis of the BPs activities that BP has planned to undertake in relation to environmental management at present and in future. After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, BP rolled out a sustainability review plan that sought to integrate environmental management activities with the company’s vision, mission, plans and programs(BP, 2010). This was to ensure that such an occurence does not appear again. In reviweing the plans that BP has sought to achieve, a detailed analysis of the effects that the oil spill had on the company, the environment and the stakeholders has been presented below. After the occurence of the spill, BP lost quite an immense amount of public and government support based on integrity values. The company’s reputation was at an all time risk as reported by the media. Before the spill, the company was  £122billion worth but as of late, the company has lost its market value to about two thirds that worth. The spill also resulted to the sacking of the company’s chief executive Tony Hayward and was replaced by Bob Dudley (Benoit, 2010). More particularly,

Internation marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Internation marketing - Essay Example ologetic about its population, but with the era of consumerism dictating the trade talks this very population has become an important tool of economic progress for the country. The international community has also taken note of the burgeoning number of millionaires in India and the increase in purchasing power of an average Indian. The demand for cars has also seen a proportionate upsurge in the country. Now that the company has launched the much awaited people’s car, it is time to have a realistic assessment of the market potential and how best to tap this potential. 1. The Nano is sure to generate lot of interest, because now a small car is not considered a luxury; instead it is now being considered a necessity. To tap this ‘need’ a number of domestic and international car manufacturers have started making elaborate plans and marketing strategies. Some of the key challenges that Tata could face in its endeavour are; i. Increasing alliances of multinational car manufacturers with domestic Indian companies. In one of the latest developments, Toyota has sealed a strategic alliance with Indias Kirloskar Group to tap the potential of the huge small car market in the country1. This initiative is bound to prove quite competitive, for the simple reason that, Toyota has entered into the alliance well after the formal launch of Nano. That means, Toyota would have taken into account many factors which prove to be detrimental for the health of such a venture. Toyota’s research and development facility in Japan is busy on this car now a days. Though it is a new venture and it may take couple of years before we actually see the outcome, but considering the Japanese prowess in innovation and feature packaging, we must plan out our strategies accordingly. ii. In the international market, Tata’s will have a tough competition on hand from reputed brands like GM, BMW, Ford etc. These companies may not be able to match up the price tag offered by Tata’s but, they can

Bank for International Settlements. Include assessment of extent of Essay

Bank for International Settlements. Include assessment of extent of overvaluation or undervaluation of the Chinese yuan over recent years compared to the situations ofthe US dollar, Euro, and Japanese yen - Essay Example Using the relative PPP, a 2006 studt (Sinnakkannu & Nassir) shows that it was actually overvalued from January to October 2005 and was undervalued in the next months after. Meanwhile, the RMB was overvalued compared to the Japanese Yuan from January 2005 to March 2006 but its value started dropping soon afterward. Lastly, when compared with the Euro, the RMB was overvalued the entire 2005, then was undervalued in 2006 onwards. Using the reference exchange rate, we can see that, the value of the RMB vs. the Japanese has increased by about 47.65% from its 2006 while it has decreased by 2% from its original value in 2005. One will remember that the RMB was still pegged to the USB in 2005, hence, one may say that the Chinese Yuan was still undervalued at the time, as proven by the balance of payments approach presented in the previous sections. Meanwhile, it is not appropriate to compare the Yuan with the Yen using the international trade parity since published data are typically in U.S. Dollars. National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2010. Reference Exchange Rate of Renminbi (Period Average). China Statistical Yearbook 2010. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2010/html/R0602E.HTM [Accessed November 18, 2011]. Sinnakkannu, J. & Nassir, A.M., 2006. A Study on the Effect of De-Pegging of the Renminbi Against the US Dollar on the China’s International Trade Competitiveness. International Research Journal of Finance and Econnomics, (5),

David Foster Wallace is on YouTube giving the commencement address at Essay

David Foster Wallace is on YouTube giving the commencement address at Kenyon College, a speech that when published, is called T - Essay Example As a function of seeking to understand this particular speech and a more effective manner, the following analysis will take a nuanced approach, incorporating criticism, review, and analysis of Wallace is pronouncements in the hopes that the reader will gain a more informed understanding with respect to the approach that he champions and the relevance of the information that he presents. Wallace starts by discussing the experience of life; exhorting the listener to â€Å"construct meaning and create relevance† from the otherwise mundane and seemingly pointless activities that all human beings, regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic origin, must engage as a function of living. From there, the author delves into the issue of what a liberal arts education actually means; denoting that the education itself means nothing. Rather, the ultimate meaning that is derived from a liberal arts education is solely contingent upon what the individual has the potential to do with it. However, the author strongly encourages the listener to avoid a type of arrogance; maintaining critical awareness in its stead. Whereas it is true, as a Wallace states, that reality is ultimately designed with the individual experience as the only measurement through which understanding can be accomplished, seeking to define the world through such a selfish viewpoint necessarily decreases the degree of empathy and understanding that an individual might otherwise exhibit (Boswell 368). As a function of this, Wallace encourages the individual with regards to what they should pay attention to; defining the debate within oneself and utilizing the liberal arts education as a means of affecting this. As such, not becoming detached, not refusing reality because it is painful, sad, monotonous, or mundane, and continually exercising a right and will towards thinking come to be the prime mechanisms through which Wallace point of view can most reasonably be affected (Veggian 99). In effect, what Wallace is promoting is an understanding of the fact that thinking is a choice and should not be an automatic setting; albeit a choice that a liberal arts education necessarily encourages. Finally, hammering this point home further, Wallace discusses the necessity of not being lulled into a complacent routine. Rather, seeking out â€Å"thinking† and utilizing the experiences and knowledge that are gained from a liberal arts education is not only an opportunity but in fact something of a calling that each and every individual that experiences such an education and can draw upon it must necessarily engage. The irony of all of this has to do with the fact that even though each of these points is effectively expounded upon by Wallace, the author and speaker himself ultimately committed suicide in 2008 (Fest 127). Although the events surrounding his suicide remained largely misunderstood, it is the view of this particular author that Wallace was unable to ascribe to t he high standard of open-mindedness, compassion, and a sense of selflessness that he promoted to the audience within the commencement address. However, this inability upon Wallace part should not be understood as an effective dismissal of the

Employment Law Protects all Employees from Being Discriminated by Assignment

Employment Law Protects all Employees from Being Discriminated by Their Employers - Assignment Example The male employees who joined ABC after Ms. Riyadh have received promotions. However, Ms. Riyadh is still working in the same position despite her smart work. In this case, Ms. Riyadh can claim the practice of gender discrimination by her employer. Despite her good work to the extent of receiving three national awards, she has not been promoted. Her male counterparts have received three to four promotions within the time Ms. Riyadh has worked for ABC. It is also evident that few women hold higher positions compared to their male counterparts (Duddington, 2007). Ms. Riyadh can also claim the presence of religious discrimination in her workplace. Her employer says that Ms. Riyadh is too religious to hold a higher position within the company. Ms. Riyadh knows that in the employment act, an employer is not supposed to discriminate against any employee based on the employee’s religion. All employees should get equal chances for promotions. In this case, Ms. Riyadh will claim that h er employer has not been fair in considering her for promotion based on her strong religious beliefs (Herch, 2007). ABC can defend itself that it will endure business hardship in the process of considering to accommodate Ms. Riyadh’s complains. On the other hand, ABC might defend itself that there was no legally enforceable agreement that Ms. Riyadh’s promotion was an obligation to the company. The promise during the hiring time served to motivate Ms. Riyadh into working hard. Otherwise, there was no contract between the employer, which in this case is ABC, and Ms. Riyadh, the employee. Therefore, ABC is under no obligation of promoting Ms. Riyadh. Both the defenses will allow ABC to win the case and no benefits will be paid to the complainant (Herch, 2007, P.56). QUESTION B (1) In employment law, there is the act protecting special groups from workplace discrimination.

Dissertation topic and proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic and proposal - Dissertation Example The highly accepted classification of SMEs in UK and EU attributes to â€Å"the number of employees or annual turnover, with small enterprises constituting of less than 50 employees and medium size enterprise at more than 50 and less than 249 employees† (BIS Department for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-7, 2010). The nature of ownership in SMEs is either the individual entrepreneur or the family investments, which later on is inducted by directors on behalf of the majority shareholders. The SMEs sector in UK has jumped to an enormous boom in the last couple of years by increasing the net to 400,000 firms every year and even the micro businesses or self-employment has contributed a significant turnover for over ? 200 billion to the economy even in the severe economic turmoil of recession on inflation (Amble, pp. 20-29, 2004). The small and medium sized business has emerged as a powerful source in contributing to net revenue of the economy by intervening for almost 13 % i n financial and business intermediation, such as real estate and business operations. In addition, by contribution in 12% to agricultural and fishing business, wholesales and retails at 21% indicating to largest contribution to the private sector turnover (BIS Department for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-6, 2010). The role of SMEs enterprises has played a significant part in the economic and social growth followed by the industrialization, income, and employment generation to the economy (OECD Conference for SMEs, pp. 1-3, 2004). Research Aim: The important element of enterprises is to induct the easy or smooth availability of the capital for their start up or growing business. The imperfect capital market and the economic turmoil have created barriers for insufficient external funding to the SMEs that has forced the government intervention in equity and debt market to provide funds and loans to their ventures (Graham, pp. 56-64, 2004). The main aim of the dissertation of th e proposal is to ‘Highlight and analyze the significance of the financing intervention within the small and medium sized enterprises and their attributes’. It also aims to analyze the following in order to bridge the gap between the finance providers and the small business. 1. Close analyses of the SMEs and their access to external finance. 2. The financial growth and government intervention in SMEs 3. The needs and supply capabilities between SMEs and financial intermediaries. Research Objectives: The objective of the dissertation includes the detail literature review and problems faced by SMEs deployment of financial funds. The purpose of this research is to recognize the factors influencing the financial decision making of SMEs and any other alternative option for funds. The study will also focus on critical factors discussed as below (Competition Commission, pp. 1-3, 2002): 1. Identify the policies and regulations for the provision of funds by the bank 2. Identify t he various sources of finance available to the SMEs and their significance. 3. Identify and deployment of options which are used to improve the burden of cost and accountability of revenue and profits for SMEs. Research Questions: Following are the questions that highlight the main reasons for the research dissertation: 1. What are the factors that are affecting the SMEs financial market and access

Closed-book vs closed-notes quiz Essay Example for Free

Closed-book vs closed-notes quiz Essay 1. This is a closed-book, closed-notes quiz. No reference material (including assignments and labs) will be permitted for use during the quiz session. 2. The quiz contains the following types of questions: * Short essay type 3. Place your answers in the space immediately following each question. Quiz Questions 1. What does MAO define? Defines how long a business can be without system or applications before having adverse effects on the mission of the business. 2. Define CSFs for a BIA. The success of recovering critical systems or application necessary in an event that interrupts the services of the business. 3. List four of the seven steps for a contingency plan based on the NIST 800-34 standard. Develop a BIA, develop a recovery strategy, preventive controls identified, test the plan and train individuals. 4. What is the objective of a BIA? To identify the critical and non-critical resources of a business. 5. In the seven domains of an IT infrastructure, list three things that should be included as CBFs. The System/Application Domain, The LAN Domain, and the WAN domain. 6. List at least two differences between BCP and a DRP plan. A BCP covers all units of the business while the DRP covers functions of the IT department only. A BCP contains strategy and incidents to be included and the DRP contains recovery steps and procedures. 7. Describe and list four elements of a BCP. Identify critical equipment necessary for the business mission. Identifying critical personnel necessary for the business to return to normal operations of the business. Conduct a BIA, determine the impact on the business if systems were unavailable. Maintenance and updating of the BCP as changes are made to the network. 8. What does a BCP program manager do? What are his or her duties? Take the leadership role as they are responsible for writing the BCP and conducting the BIA. 9. Describe and list two of the commonly used teams for a BCP. BIA- which is the business impact analysis- The impact a disruption of service would have on a business. DRP- Disaster recovery plan- plans to recover from a disaster resulting in a loss of business systems necessary for the business to operate normally. 10. Describe at least one element that would be in a recovery phase of a BCP plan. An Alternative site to set up business operations in the event of a lost site due to a disaster.

The Paradox Of The Thrift Economics Essay

The Paradox Of The Thrift Economics Essay The theory of paradox of thrift is the idea that saving instead of spending can cause or deepen a recession. According to John Maynard Keynes, consumer spending is beneficial because one persons expenditure is another persons income. Therefore, an increase in savings would mean that businesses lose out on revenue and have to lay off employees who are then unable to save. As a result, increase in individual savings would reduce the total saving rate. On the other hand, some economists argue that, savings can be beneficial to an economy. If the society decides to save in a bank, the banks would loan that money to firms and who in return will invest into capital, producing a positive multiplier effect. It just depends which phase of the economic cycle the economy is operating. During low demand market conditions like at the moment, saving is beneficial for the one who saves, but of little use to the overall economy, this is known as the fallacy of compositions. C:UsersPawanjeetDownloads20121208_165525.jpg In the Paradox of Thrift, household and producers reduce their expenditure in anticipation of a future recession. It is referred as paradox because its behavior which seems beneficial is actually detrimental to the economy. Its beneficial for the individual who decides to save, but the society as a whole experiences economics problems. Assume there was an exogenous increase in planned savings due to future expectations of the UK economy. This means that the autonomous savings will increase; hence the saving function will have parallel shift upwards. A rise in the thriftiness will lead to a reduction in national income (Y1 to Y2), consequently savings will decrease from B to A. Furthermore, due to the shift, S>I which implies that Y>AD, therefore there will excess supply of goods. The result will be paradoxical because an increase in saving will eventually translate reduction in national income.C:UsersPawanjeetDropboxPhotos20121209_172334.jpg The lower consumption will discourage firms from investing, if investment falls, the J line will shift downwards. There will be further multiplied fall in national income. Due to the negative speculation of the economy, lets assume that the marginal propensity to withdraw is now 0.75 and marginal propensity to consumption (domestic goods) is also 0.25. Consider that the initial investment falls from 100 to 50 (million) in the economy. Therefore, as firms reduce investment, workers will be made redundant. These workers will have no spending money, therefore causing other business to experience a decline in customers. When wages will be received, 0.75 would be withdrawn and only 0.25 will be spent on domestic goods. The reduction in consumption would generate further losses for firms, generating 12.5 million incomes for firms from the initial 50 million. When this is received by households in term wages, 0.75 will be withdrawn and 0.25 will be spent. There will be further decrease in n ational income by a further 3.125 million. Therefore each time we go round, national income will decrease due to the multiplier. As a result, the economy will contract and firms will experience hefty losses in revenue, resulting in several closure. According, to the consumption function, as income decreases so do savings, therefore more savings will lead to ultimately and paradoxically less savings.C:UsersPawanjeetDropboxPhotos20121208_182123.jpg C:UsersPawanjeetDropboxPhotos20121208_201542.jpg The theory behind the paradox of thrift has been widely criticised. Firstly, its a theory and subjective, therefore its not a stated fact. Secondly, given the example above, the paradoxical result may not occur if an increase in savings will lead to simultaneous increase in planned investment. Consequently, both the investment and the saving function will shift upwards; therefore national income will not be affected. Furthermore, when the multiplier becomes smaller due to higher marginal propensity to save, the IS Curve will shift from IS to IS1. This will influence aggregate demand to shift leftwards; hence there will be a reduction in prices. As price decrease, this will shift the LM curve to the right, forming a new equilibrium. Consequently, we will have lower interest rates and prices. Therefore, when interest rates fall this will influence firms to invest and when prices decrease this will trigger a rise in demand again, so the theory of the paradox of thrift is contradictory. Economist argues that saving can translate to investment, therefore in a recession, saving can be beneficial. Savings will allow these investments to be financed without problem of interest rates or inflation. Suppose an individual decides to save  £10,000 in a saving account. Consequently, the bank would lend money to a firm who would spend it to expand or to the government by purchasing treasuries. When the fund is given to firm, they will invest into capital that would boost total output. Therefore, theoretically, an increase in savings will allow a higher growth in potential GDP, especially if the investment is in new technologies. During 1950s, Americans put away more than 9% of their income. Their savings translated into stocks and bonds and formed a pool of capital investment. They experienced a golden era of productivity and growth, leading towards the 1990s boom. Although this changed, in the mid-1980s, this is because credit become easily accessible, therefore people were not saving for future consumption, because they could use to borrowing. By the late 2000s, the savings rate plunged to less than 1%. * Theoretically, using the GDP equation (closed economy) we derive that saving=investment Y=C+I+G (1) I=Y-C-G (Rearrange to make I the subject) S (private) = amount produced (Y) +transfer payment from the government (TR) consumption (C) Taxes (T) S (public) = T-G-TR Total saving in the economy will be s (public) +s (private) = T-G-TR+Y+TR-C-T=S Therefore, total saving in the economy =Y-G-C Sub into equation (1) S=C+I+G-G-C Therefore, S=I This shows that the total amount of savings in the economy is equal to investment Source: Gfk nop 2012 In the Wall Street Journal, the writer states savings would translate into more investment and faster growth. This view has been supported in the work by Fazzari (2007). On the contrary, what will happen if the firm does not invest into capital? What will happen when banks do not give loans to firms? The statement that saving=investment is contradictory. It does not necessarily mean that every pound saved will be invested. Investment does not only depend on household savings; it could be animal spirit, business confidence, aggregate demand and cooperation tax that could influence investment. Therefore its only an assumption and not a stated fact. Furthermore, higher savings would mean there would be less consumer expenditure, therefore aggregate demand for goods and services would weaken, hence investment into capital goods could occur only in the long run. Moreover, during low market demand conditions like the current one, firms may not want to invest, if there is not demand for cre dit, the banks have no place to lend the money. In the UK economy, consumer confidence decreased to -31 in March and its to further reduce to due to planned austerity. Therefore investments are unlikely, regardless of any increase in savings. Furthermore, during boom in the economy cycle, where inflation is inevitable, increased savings can help. C:UsersPawanjeetDropboxPhotos20121212_140639.jpg Consider an overheated economy; where there is little spare capacity in the economy, therefore an increase in aggregate demand will lead to subsequently only to an increase in prices. The government will try to depress aggregate demand and economic activity. In other words, the government will try to encourage savings to hamper consumption in the short run. Consequently, this will lead aggregate demand to have a parallel shifts inwards, reducing prices levels from p1 to p2. Reduced inflation provides certainty towards consumers and businesses, who will be able to make long term plans due to certainty that there would less chance of their money losing its purchasing power. On the contrary, there will be a cost of reducing inflation as it will impact upon low income earners, decline in economic growth and will result in higher unemployment. As shown from the macro perspective, an increase in saving for the economy as a whole may lower aggregate demand and initially reduces output, income and probably investment. So would savings be ever desirable? Yes, during an overheated economy, increases in savings can help reduce consumption, which would therefore reduce prices levels. Furthermore, as some argue, increases in savings may likely to influence investment levels. It just depends which phase of the economic cycle the economy is operating. During low demand market conditions like at the moment, saving are beneficial for the one who saves, but of little use to the overall economy.

How Human Flaws Hinder Murder Investigations in Murder on the Orient Ex

Agatha Christie once said, â€Å"Crime is terribly revealing. Try and vary your methods as you will, your tastes, your habits, your attitude of mind, and your soul is revealed by your actions† (Christie). The reader may believe this quote goes with her book, Murder on the Orient Express very well and some may believe she used this quote as a thesis for the book. The idea of crime being revealing and the fact that crime is revealed through the actions that are taken suggests that murder is never really anonymous, no matter how hard the murderer tries to cover their tracks. In Murder on the Orient Express, Agatha Christie shows how human flaws hinder murder investigations through making incorrect assumptions, holding onto the past, and cultural stereotyping. First, Poirot, the lead investigator, shows that anyone could have committed the murder because of incorrect assumptions that are made about the passengers. The first assumption that is made is the person that kills Ratchett is a female. His first argument is the way the person stabs makes them a female. As stated in the novel, â€Å"’It is a woman.’ Said the Chef de Train, speaking for the first time. ‘Depend upon it, it was a woman. Only a woman would stab like that’ â€Å" (Christie 52). The second argument made toward gender is the force used makes the murderer a woman. In the novel, Poirot states, â€Å"’She must have been a very strong woman,’ he said. ‘It is not my desire to speak technically—that is only confusing; but I can assure you that one or two of the blows were delivered with such force as to drive them through hard belts of bone and muscle’ â€Å" (Christie 52). Poirot later assumes some of t he blows Ratchett faced are done back-handed, as well as left-handed. He uses... ... where to start, to not knowing whether to side with moral or legal justice. Incorrect assumptions, such as looking at the way a person is stabbed and the force used with the blow can lead investigators in the wrong direction. Another human flaw that hinders murder investigations is holding on to the past. Poirot was disliked by some people on the train because of mistakes that he made in the past, and eventually, his past caught up to him, as he was aboard the Orient Express. Lastly, the cultural stereotyping that took place on the Orient Express proved to be wrong for finding out who committed a murder. Murder on the Orient Express is a novel that shows that anyone can be guilty of committing a crime when you look at the incorrect assumptions, the past and who all it effects and the cultural stereotyping that takes place between certain people.

Fusion: Harnessing the Power of the Sun Essay -- physics fusion

History It has been a well-accepted fact that the sun is a source of great power since the early part of this century. In 1929, scientists first theorized that the energy production in stars was created by fusion: nuclear reactions involving light elements reacting to form heavier elements. By the late thirties, H. Bethe had analyzed most of our sun's nuclear fusion cycle. Fusion in our sun is caused when deuterium and tritium, both Hydrogen isotopes, react (in the presence of large amounts of heat) to form Helium, energy, and an extra neutron. Man-made fusion reactions were thought to be impossible until the first uncontrolled fusion reactions were witnessed when nuclear bombs known as "George" and "Mike" were detonated in 1951 and 1952, respectively. Efforts to control fusion energy began in the 1950s. By 1955 scientists had witnessed the enormity of the task. A successful fusion reaction would not only require temperatures in excess of 50x106 K, but would also need to be isolated for a long enough time so the reaction could produce more energy than required to begin the reaction. The most promising fuels for fusion reactions are deuterium, and tritium. Deuterium and tritium both are hydrogen isotopes. Deuterium is a stable isotope and is naturally found in water, while tritium is very unstable, radioactive, and must be man-made. Several methods for containment exist. They include the Tokamak generator, inertial containment, and mirror confinement. The Tokamak Problems with early power plants led to the development of the Tokamak. An old design, known as the linear pinch method, suffered from large energy losses at the ends of the plant and macroscopic plasma instabilities. To overcome these problems, a new design ... ...llion degrees, the fuel ignites and fusion occurs. The reaction then spreads through the compressed capsule, producing energy several times greater than what was deposited by the beams. The majority of research so far involving this type of fusion has dealt with laser beams. These powerful flashes of light, with varied wavelengths and duration, are focused on the capsule to initiate fusion. However, our modern lasers are very inefficient. To be used in a commercial fusion plant, laser technology would first have to greatly improve. Another option in Inertial Confinement is ion beams instead of lasers. The ion beams are much more efficient, but are still very experimental. The biggest problem is the beam's short span. An intense enough beam to cause the reaction only lasts about 10 nanoseconds. To compensate, scientists must compress the beam and make it stronger.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Has Hamlet Gone Mad? :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Has Hamlet Gone Mad? Hamlet was the prince of Denmark, son of the assassi-nated King Hamlet and Queen Gertrude, and nephew to Claudius. Hamlet, (during the play) goes through some very troubling situations in which he seems to act in an insane manner. But I am convinced that he was "†¦not in madness, but mad in craft." I also believe that he was a man of high moral standards, in fact higher than most of the people in Denmark at that time. Hamlet was bombarded by many situations at the start of the play which his psyche had to deal with. He was very up-set (as any other person would be) with his father's murder and, at the same time, his mother's hurried remarriage. HAMLET: "Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, she married. O, most wicked speed, to post with suck dexterity to incestuous sheets!" He then heard from his good friend Horatio that they had seen a ghost during the night watch. Hamlet was shocked at the description of the ghost and he said to him-self "My father's spirit-in arms? All is not well. I doubt some foul play. Would the night were come!" Hamlet's per-sonality underwent severe stresses due to the situations en-countered and consequently, he had to find a way to solve the apparent problems. In Act 1, Scene 5, Hamlet while talking to his father's ghost was urged to avenge the foul murder, but to leave his mother out of it as her guilt would be punishment enough. GHOST: "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. †¦ Leave her to heaven, and to those thorns that in her bosom lodge to prick and sting her." The ghost of the previous king gave Hamlet the solution that he needed. The ghost also be-seeched Hamlet to "†¦Let not the royal bed of Denmark be a couch for luxury and damned incest†¦". This showed that Ham-let was required to not only restore his honor, but to re-store the honor of all of Denmark as well! The added burden upon his shoulders caused him to clear from his mind all but what was necessary to solve his dilemma. This would have allowed him to think in a rational and sane manner. It also explains why later he is unable to pursue his relationship with his true love Ophelia, and instead tries to make her disinterested in him so that again, he may concentrate on the tasks athand. Hamlet used his cunning when he devised a plan to see if his

Contemporary Issues in Management Essay

Coursework Header Sheet 179236-102 Course Coursework Tutor BUSI1475: Contemporary Issues in Mngt Essay G Symon Course School/Level Assessment Weight Submission Deadline BU/UG 50. 00% 01/04/2011 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism.Tutor's comments As agreed with Dr Symon Grade For Office Use Only__________ Awarded___________ Moderation required: yes/no Tutor______________________ Final Grade_________ Date _______________ The considerations of going global and operating in countries that sanction the use of child labour. Introduction As a rule child labour is typically defined as the abuse of children within a work environment (Payne, 2006). According to Payne (2006) child labour can be recognised in num erous countries around the world.In 2006 a report produced by the International Labor Organisation (ILO) proclaimed that there were an estimated 166 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 years who were categorised as child workers (Dinopoulos & Zhao, 2007). Payne (2006) asserts that there are several motives surrounding the reason why children work, with one of the main reasons being poverty. However it is assumed that parents would only expect their children to work in order to support the family financially (Luetge, 2005). Subsequently, Dinopoulos and Zhao (2007) state that child labour is mainly deemed to be unacceptable.In many incidences this is due to the unhealthy and hazardous conditions that the children are forced to work in (Dinopoulos & Zhao, 2007). Additionally and just as importantly the obvious obstruction of a child? s path to an education could be viewed as an unacceptable factor of child labour (Dinopoulos & Zhao, 2007). Luetge (2005) views child labour fro m an economic standpoint, stating that as organisations can afford to exchange child workers with adult workers, most well developed countries now regard child labour as unnecessary.Through the use of customer boycotts and the introduction of international labour standards to decrease employment opportunities, it can be viewed that attempts have been made to cease the use of child workers (Edmonds & Pavcnik, 2005). However there is principally nothing to position the eradication of the use of child workers in and around the world (Edmonds & Pavcnik, 2005). With this subject in mind, this essay will seek to look at the concerns that managers need to consider when going global and manufacturing in countries that sanction the use of child labour.This essay will firstly evaluate what impact globalisation has on poorer societies and whether this strategy has a negative or positive influence on the occurrence of child labour. Following on from this, the essay will assess if the use of chi ld labour is in fact ethical and moral by using the utilitarist, relativist and imperialist perspectives. After examining if child labour can be viewed as ethical, this essay will look towards evaluating to what level a corporation should be held socially responsible.Finally, this essay will consider the cultural differences that need to be taken into account when operating multi nationally. Globalisation If an organisation elects to take the business global, there are several issues that need to be considered. For example, when operating in a country that sanctions the use of child labour, will the company have an impact on increasing or decreasing the incidence of child labour (Sethi, 2006)? According to Page 2 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating CircumstancesDinopoulos and Zhao (2007) there is a substantial amount of literature surrounding the topics of economics and child labour. However there is only a limited amount of literature that links child labour directly to glob alisation (Dinopoulos & Zhao, 2007). Subsequently, there has been much debate in regards to globalisation and its effects on developing countries (Kis-Katos, 2007). More specifically questions can be raised into whether globalisation increases or decreases the incidence of child labour (Kis-Katos, 2007).According to Mullins (2007) globalisation is defined as the integration of organisations that trade and contend in a worldwide economy. It has been supposed by Meyer (2000) cited Clegg et al (2008) that employees benefit from organisations going global. A strong argument has been put forward that globalisation leads to the creation of wealth and prosperity among the participating nations (Sethi, 2006). Additionally, many economists consider that increases in trade can have an influential impact into eliminating child labour (Kis-Katos, 2007).Following on from this, Edmonds and Pavcnik (2005) state that globalisation generates a greater demand for adult labour in the participating cou ntries and can increase families? salaries in a way that decreases the incidence of child labour. As outlined by Dinopoulos and Zhao (2007) children mainly work to aid and support their families who are living in impoverished conditions. With this in mind, Bratton and Gold (2007) propose that through globalisation society? s benefit from higher living standards and the eradication of poverty.Although there may be positive aspects of globalisation, many academics have put forward the argument that globalisation has negative outcomes for the participating societies. In contrast to the beliefs of Edmonds and Pavcnik (2005), Timlon (2011) states that globalisation increases the incidence of child labour, by raising the demands for goods produced by children. Sethi (2006) concurs with this view and states that companies maximise their revenues and make use of cheap, unskilled and abundant labour, often in the form of children.Following on from this, it is believed that poorer countries h ave to also struggle with environmental poverty through heightened industrial activity and a lack of sufficient resources as a result of globalisation (Sethi, 2006). Overall, globalisation is said to have a negative impact on poorer societies, through increased poverty, crime and the alienation of local businesses and trade (Clegg et al, 2008). Ethics After assessing the issues surrounding globalisation and its effects on the incidence of child labour, it is imperative to decide if he use of child labour is in fact unethical and immoral. According to Bratton and Gold (2007) ethics can be defined as the moral codes and principles that direct the behaviour of groups or individuals in regards to what is right or wrong. Throughout literature there has been much debate surrounding the area of ethics and child labour (French & Wokutch, 2005). Subsequently, many people have judged child labour to be an infringement of children? s rights and Page 3 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances believe that it is morally wrong (French & Wokutch, 2005).As a consequence child labour has progressed to be one of the leading topics in the area of international business ethics (French & Wokutch, 2005). As stated by Luetge (2005) although the structure of society has been transformed over the years, ethical concepts have remained the same. Therefore despite the disputes over the ethics of child labour, it is still imperative to apply concepts to consider what is ethically right or wrong (Buller et al, 2000). To distinguish whether the use of child labour can be viewed as ethical and moral the utilitarist, relativist and the imperialist views of ethics will be assessed.The Kantian view of utilitarianism is based around reason, intention and duty (Carrigan et al, 2005). It is supposed by Kant that businesses should exist to fulfil the needs of society and organisations have an ethical responsibility to deliver benefits back to the public (Carrigan et al, 2005; Zekos, 2004). With this view in mind, it could be perceived that organisations are acting ethically as they are providing poorer societies with much needed employment. John Stuart Mill? s view of ethics is also categorised under the term of utilitarianism (Carrigan et al, 2005).This concept looks towards the greatest good for the greatest number, by increasing pleasure and decreasing the total amount of pain (Carrigan et al, 2005; Luetge, 2005). Therefore if the use of child workers means that the most people are receiving the most happiness, then this act can be viewed as ethically correct (Mullins, 2007). When looking at the relativist standpoint it can be viewed that ethics are based around the social norms of the society that they are exercised in (Carrigan et al, 2005). According to Galbreath (2006) there are no sets of worldwide ethical tandards and there can be numerous interpretations of ethical beliefs and moral norms. As stated by Edmonds and Pavcnik (2005) and Payne (2006) the use of child labour in many poorer countries is seen as necessary and ethical. However if an organisation does choose to look at child labour from a relativist viewpoint, they need to be aware that many people within the wealthier societies disapprove of this behaviour and in turn they can feel that the use of child labour is unethical (Luetge, 2005). These beliefs are generated because it is assumed that organisations can afford to exchange child labour with adult labour (Mullins, 2007).As a consequence of this, people from wealthier countries can afford to stop purchasing goods made by children and boycott companies that sanction the use of child labour (Nielsen, 2005). According to Buller et al (2000) imperialism is when the host country? s ethical values and norms are applied to every country the company operates in. As it is wrong to even contemplate the use of child labour in the production of goods in many well developed countries, such as the UK, the host country would be se en to be operating unethically, if they were to sanction the use of child labour under the imperialistic stance (French , 2005).Page 4 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) After evaluating the ethics of child labour using the utilitarianist, relativist and imperialist perspectives, it is crucial to understand to what length a company is socially responsible and to whom it is actually responsible for (Kanji & Chopra, 2010). Corporate social responsibility is a vital corporate notion and in a world of heighten globalisation can be located among many large organisations within many countries throughout the world (Welford, 2005).According to Holmes and Watts (2000) cited Barrett (2009) CSR is defined as an obligation made by an organisation to act ethically to improve the economy alongside the quality of family life and society as a whole. Additionally, CSR means that organisations must concentrate on maximising profits, obeying the law and being aware of the ethics and customs of the individual societies (Demacarty, 2009). According to Kanji and Chopra (2010) CSR is also identified as; corporate responsibility, corporate performance, corporate citizenship and sustainable responsible business.As outlined by Kanji and Chopra (2010) CSR can be seen to have many benefits for organisations and is now considered to be a crucial instrument in promoting and enhancing the public image of some of the world? s leading organisations. Following on from this, Carbone (2008) states that by organisations displaying their corporate social responsibilities they can build up a good reputation and obtain loyal customers. In agreement Kanji and Chopra (2010) believe that by building a culture based on ethical values and shared beliefs organisations generate a loyal base of customers.However despite these benefits it is important to recognise to what limit individual organisations should be held socially responsible (Kanji & Ch opra, 2010). Furthermore, stronger and clearer roles and responsibilities need to be established for global organisations in relation to developing countries around the world (Payne, 2006). There are several issues surrounding the area of CSR and corporations individual responsibility (Clegg et al, 2008).In line with traditional views, the neo-classical economist Friedman states that the only responsibility a company has to its stakeholders is to avoid harm (Alzola, 2008). Accordingly, Friedman goes on to say that the firm should have no part in aiding or helping any other party, as the corporation owes society nothing (Alzola, 2008; Clegg et al, 2008). Additional to this, followers of Friedman express that the firm? s only aim should be to make profit for its owners and only pay attention to their shareholders (French, 2007; Palmer & Hartley, 2006).When looking at the traditional view of CSR and child labour, it could be supposed that as long as the children are coming to no harm t he organisation is upholding its social responsibility. In a more contemporary and humanist view, Tonn (2008) argues that CSR should include factors such as; ethics, environmental issues, corporate governance and employee and product safety. In line with this Kanji and Chopra (2010) declare that CSR should concern itself with; fair trading and giving back Page 5 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances o the community, as well as safeguarding and sustaining the global environment. Overall, with the concerns of globalisation and its effects on poorer societies, organisations must show that they are acting responsibly and are accountable to all of their stakeholders including child workers (Payne, 2006). Echoing this belief, Mullins (2007) goes on to state that in order for organisations to satisfy their goals and sustain profit they need to consider their external environment. It has been proposed that organisations inadvertently have an effect on the quality of life and the wellbeing of society (Mullins, 2007).As a result of this, businesses have an economic responsibility to all of their stakeholders including; investors, employees and customers (Kanji & Chopra, 2010). Cultural Differences If a company does decide to operate in a country that sanctions the use of child labour, it is still vital to look at the cultural differences within that society to ensure that the workforce culture is understood and workers are managed effectively (Banfield & Kay, 2008). Culture can be best explained as the divided beliefs, principles and understandings that determine one group from another (Banfield & Kay, 2008).Schein (1997) cited Clegg et al (2008) define organisational culture as the basic principles and norms that are shared by the company? s affiliates. According to Palmer and Hartley (2006) organisational cultural values are a combination of factors such as: how work is planned and practiced; how authority is distributed; how people are compensated and managed and the roles and expectations of employees and employers. Additionally, national culture is the referral of one nation? s features to another (Capon, 2004).According to Pitta et al (1999) it is essential for managers to understand the ethics of the cultures when operating and managing in unfamiliar societies. Janssen (2007) cited Timlon (2011) states that managers need to take into account factors such as; the law, families, religious beliefs, cultural influences and national culture overall. Additional to these beliefs, Adler (1983) proposes that managers need to be aware of the differences across cultures. These aspects can include; concern for time, displays of emotion and an inability to cope with uncertainty (Alder, 1983).A continuation of this view was generated by Hofstede, who formulated and identified five different dimensions of culture (Mullins, 2007). The five dimensions are; power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/ collectivism, masculinity and long term verses short term orientation (Mullins, 2007). As outlined by Ararat (2008) power distance is defined as the level in which power is distributed. For example, people within a high power distance culture will accept that power is unequally distributed (Ararat, 2008).Additional to this, individualism focuses on the proposition that individuals are self-orientated (Moorij & Hofstede, 2010). Whilst collectivism interests itself with people who are mindful of others and care for their team in an exchange for loyalty (Moorij & Hofstede, 2010). Following on from this, masculinity concerns itself with principles such as performance and accomplishment and femininity looks at ideas such as the value of life (Moorij & Page 6 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances Hofstede, 2010). According to Migliore (2011) uncertainty avoidance is defined as people? s adverse feelings to change.For example, within a high uncertainty avoidance culture there will be a large prefere nce towards formality and rigid structures (Migliore, 2011). Finally, long term verses short term orientation looks at the level of future orientation of the culture and their fondness for tradition and short term points of view (Moorij & Hofstede, 2010). Being aware of cultural differences can have positive effects on organisations, as it allows for the effective management of diverse employees (French, 2007). According to Rosenblatt (2011) if cultural differences are managed correctly organisations can obtain a competitive advantage over their opponents.Furthermore, through globalisation and cultural awareness, multinational organisations (MNOs) have been able to incorporate various value systems and develop shared global work ethics to produce an environment where employees are able to connect and organise their activities in order to meet the aims and objectives (Erez & Drori, 2009 cited Rosenblatt, 2011). Finally, Pitta et al (1999) believes that by appreciating the cultural de viations, westernised organisations are able to forecast what worldwide stakeholders expect.If companies choose to ignore the cultural differences of the different societies then this could have a negative impact on the organisation (Pitta et al, 1999). It has been articulated by Pitta et al (1999) that conflict can occur if companies do not understand and respect the cultural differences of the participating countries. Furthermore, Migliore (2011) expresses that the lack of knowledge and understanding for individual and group social norms can have a detrimental effect on performance levels. Ultimately, if cultural factors and differences are not onsidered, this can lead to the failure of an organisation (Pitta et al, 1999). Recommendations When looking to make recommendations to managers it is important that they are aware of the positive and negative effects that globalisation can have on poorer societies and the incidence of child labour. According to Sethi (2006) organisations n eed to ensure they maintain the internal and external environments of societies. It could be supposed that by taking these concerns into account, organisations can reduce the negative effects that globalisation has on poorer societies.From viewing the evidence consolidated in this essay, a strong argument has emerged that even if companies are acting ethically by condoning the use of child labour, wealthier countries will still disapprove of these acts (Luetge, 2005). This is turn can have negative impacts on organisations (Nielsen, 2005). In regards to CSR, recommendations could be made for CSR to include all stakeholders in all of the operating countries. Carbone (2008) states that CSR can aid the organisation? s reputation and can help Page 7 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances to build a loyal base of customers.Subsequently, CSR has been seen to have positive effects on poorer societies through the reduction of poverty, child labour and environmental polluti on (Payne, 2006). According to Timlon (2011) managers need to take many factors into account when managing across different cultures. It could be recommended to managers that in order to manage effectively and succeed they need to understand and respect cultural differences (French, 2007). To accomplish this, managers could apply Hofstede? s five dimensions of culture to identify the cultural preferences and differences across the operating countries.Conclusion In conclusion this essay has assessed the aspects that need to be considered when going global and operating in countries that sanction the use of child labour. This essay discussed the key arguments surrounding the topics of globalisation and child labour. It was discovered that there were contradictory views on whether globalisation increases or decreases the incidence of child labour. Following on from this, the essay examined if child labour could be deemed to be ethical and moral using the utilitarianism, relativism and imperialism perspectives. Although the rguments are not clear cut, modern wealthier societies would have us believe that any use of child labour is unethical and unnecessary (French & Wokutch, 2005; Luetge, 2005). This essay also deliberated to what level a company should be held socially responsible and who should be covered by CSR. It could be believed that organisations CSR should include all stakeholders, and go beyond the traditional perspectives, by looking to safeguard and improve employee? s well-being as well as the global environment. Furthermore, this essay also considered the implications of managing across cultures.It was proposed that managers need to be aware of the differences across cultures (Adler, 1983). One way of identifying these differences, is by using Hofstede? s theory on the dimensions of culture (Mullins, 2007). Finally, this essay offered recommendations that managers could use when looking to go global in countries that sanction the use of child labour. Page 8 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances References Adler, N. (1983), â€Å"Cross-cultural management research: the ostrich and the trend†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 8 No. 2, p226-32 Alzola.M, (2008), „When urgency matters. On non-discretionary corporate social responsibility? , Human Systems Management, Vol. 27, Issue 3, p273-282 Ararat. M, (2008), „A Development Perspective for â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† : Case of Turkey? , Corporate Governance, Vol. 8, No. 3, p271-285 Banfield. P and Kay. R, (2008), Introduction to Human Resource Management, Oxford, Oxford University Press Barrett. D, (2009), „Corporate Social Responsibility and Quality Management Revisited? , Journal for Quality & Participation, Vol. 31, Issue 4, p24-30 Bratton. J and Gold.J, (2007), Human Resource Management; Theory and Practice, 4th Ed, Hampshire, Palgrave MacMillan Buller. P, Kohls. J and Anderson. K, (2000), „When Ethics Colli de: Managing Conflicts Across Cultures? , Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 28, No. 4, p52-56 Capon. C, (2004), Understanding Organisational Context: Inside & Outside Organisations, 2nd Ed, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited Carbone. J, (2008), „Buyers Audit Suppliers? Ethics? , Purchasing, Vol. 137, Issue 11, p58-61 Carrigan. M, Marinova. S and Szmigin. I, (2005), „Ethics and International Marketing? , International Marketing Review, Vol. 22, No. , p481-493 Clegg. S, Kornberger. M and Pitsis. T, (2008), Managing & Organisations: An Introduction to Theory and Practice, 2nd Ed, London, SAGE Publications Limited Demacarty. P, (2009), „Financial Returns of Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Moral Freedom and Responsibility of Business Leaders? , Business & Society Review, Vol. 114, Issue 3, p393-433 Dinopoulos. E and Zhao. L, (2007), „Child Labor and Globalization? , Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 25, Issue 3, p553-579 Edmonds. E and Pavcnik. N, (2005), †žChild Labor in the Global Economy? , Journal of economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, Issue 1, p199-220 French. R, (2007), Cross-Cultural Management in Work Organisations, London, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development French. L and Wokutch. R, (2005), „Child Workers, Globalization, and International Business Ethics: A Case Study in Brazil? s Export-Oriented Shoe Industry? , Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 15, Issue 4, p615-640 Galbreath. J, (2006), „Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy: Strategic Options, Global Considerations? , Corporate Governance, Vol. 6, No. 2, p175-187 Page 9 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances Kanji.G and Chopra. P, (2010), „Corporate social responsibility in a global economy? , Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, Vol. 21, Issue 2, p119-143 Kis-Katos. K, (2007), „Does globalization reduce child labor , Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Vol. 16, Issue 1, p71-92 Luetge. C, ( 2005), „Economic ethics, business ethics and the idea of mutual advantages? , Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 14, Issue 2, p108-118 Migliore. L, (2011), „Relation between big five personality traits and Hofstede? s cultural dimensions: Samples from the USA and India? Cross Cultural Management: A n International Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 1, p38-54 Moorij. M and Hofstede. G, (2010), ‘The Hofstede Model', International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 29, Issue 1, p85-110 Mullins. L, (2007), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 8th Ed, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited Nielsen. M, (2005), „The politics of corporate responsibility and child labour in the Bangladeshi garment industry? , International Affairs, Vol. 81, Issue 3, p559-580 Palmer. A and Hartley. B, (2006), The Business Environment, 5th Ed, Berkshire, McGraw-Hill Education Payne. A, (2006),?Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development? , Journal of Public Affairs, Vol. 6, Issue 3/ 4, p286-297 Pitta. D, Fung. H and Isberg. S, (1999), „Ethical issues across cultures: managing differing perspectives of China and USA? , Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16, Issue 3, p240-256 Rosenblatt. V, (2011), „The impact of institutional processes, social networks, and culture on diffusion of global work values in multinational organizations? , Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 1, p105-121 Sethi. P, (2006), „A search for standards to monitor labor conditions worldwide? Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 16, Issue 2, p271-287 Timlon. J, (2011), „Sustainable Strategic Sourcing Decisions? , Strategic Outsourcing: An international Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1, p88-106 Tonn. R, (2008), „Corporate social responsibility: conscienable and profitable? , Long Island Business News, Vol. 55, Issue 30, p158-158 Zekos. G, (2004), „Ethics versus corruption in globalization? , Journal of Management Development, Vol. 23, Issue 7, P631-647 Page 10 Date 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances BUSI 1475 Contemporary Issues in Management Assignment proposal pro forma ? ? ?For completion by Week 5 Must be signed-off by seminar tutor Must be completed electronically Revised question: The considerations of going global and operating in countries that sanction the use of child labour. Original question: The considerations of manufacturing in countries that sanction the use of child labour. The assignment will look at defining the ethical considerations that need to be looked at before operating in countries that sanction the use of sweat shops and child labour. A debate will be made between the ethical theories of what is deemed to be ethically right or wrong and provide justifications.For example the utilitarianism approach (the greatest good for the greatest number). The essay will go on to discuss CSR in terms of its definition, uses and who is covered. For example some companies operation CSR polici es that are only designed to cover the interest of the shareholders. Following on from this the essay will discuss the impact globalisation has on poorer societies and the occurrence of child labour. Finally the essay will debate over the cultural differences found when operating in other countries and the issues that surround managing in these countries effectively. Relationship to course content (e. g. opics featured) The management issues that have been uncovered are: ? Ethics = discussion of types of ethics (consequentialists and nonconsequentialists). What is defined as ethically right or wrong? ? CSR = who should be covered by CSR? ? Globalisation = does it increase or decrease child labour? ? Cultures = cultural differences and how to manage people. http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-11381721 Proposed title URL from BBC News Website Name of student Signature of student Name of tutor Signature of tutor Date Stephanie Grant Stephanie Grant DR Graham Symon 06/01/11 Page 11 Da te 15. 04. 11 Submitted with Extenuating Circumstances

Disney world

Disney World opened, and It Is now the most vaulted vacation resort In the world. A trip to Disney World Is definitely a fabulous of all the wonders at Disney world, the Magic Kingdom draws the experience. Most visitors. Tourists can step into the past, ride a sleek spaceship into the future, or dance with an animated mouse. The Magic Kingdom certainly delivers the fantasy that it promises. Its most appealing aspect is that everything appears to be so perfect: every building, object, and decoration is sparkling clean. A major point of interest is the nightly parade of animated Disney characters.As a marching band drums in the distance, cartoon characters, like Goofy and Snow White, stop to mingle with the tourists and begin to usher them to the sides of Main Street for a parade. This spectacle differs from any other parade one may have seen. Dressed in embellished and spotless uniforms, the well-ordered, attractive band members hold their instruments at the perfect angle. Also, the s hapely twirlers always catch their batons, strut in unison, and magically reappear like clockwork in an hour. Disney World is also famous for its food; however, the concessions are not as memorable as a visit to the Magic Kingdom.The distinctive aroma of variety of foods mixed in the air makes all visitors hungry. A multitude of treats, such as McDonald's and Chinese cuisine are offered at a rather expensive price. One of the most desired choices by many is a smoked turkey leg. A treat such as this is served from vendors all across the park and is among the most popular food items available. Just the smell of a hot turkey leg is irresistible. It makes one's mouth water even before he or she tastes the brown, roasted, Juicy meat goodness of the turkey leg. All In all, Walt Disney World Resort is the most magical destination on earth.It Is a location where children smile in bliss and adults fly back Into childhood memories. Also, It Is a place where guests seems to walk back Into chil dhood movies, reminding themselves of the movies they watched in hopes of becoming a beautiful princess or a gallant hero, The Magic Kingdom provides fun and Interesting actively to Individuals of all ages. An attendance of 52. 5 million annually makes Disney World the greatest and one of the busiest amusement park on earth. No other theme park has the magic that Just one day at Disney World can provide. Seen world By generated Arriving at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida, one is able to see that it is America's best-known, busiest, and most profitable tourist attraction. This and delicious food of all types. Disney World, as it is informally known, began on the drawing table in 1960 as a dream of Walt Disney. Although he died in 1966 before his vision was realized, his brother Roy O. Disney continued with the construction of the resort. On October 1, 1971, Disney World opened, and it is now the most visited vacation resort in the world. A trip to Disney World is definit ely a fabulousOf all the wonders at Disney World, the Magic Kingdom draws the perfect; every building, object, and decoration is sparkling clean. A major point of All in all, Walt Disney World Resort is the most magical destination on earth. It is a location where children smile in bliss and adults fly back into childhood memories. Also, it is a place where guests seems to walk back into childhood movies, reminding themselves of the movies they watched in hopes of becoming a beautiful princess or a gallant hero. The Magic Kingdom provides fun and interesting activities to individuals of all ages. An Disney World My favorite place I can remember was when I went to Disney World for the first time. It was in February 2002 and I was eight years old. It was Christmas day when my dad and step mom came over and gave us just one gift. The gift was a picture frame and inside it was a paper with pink dotted outline and cursive writing that said â€Å"We’re going to Disney World this February. † That’s when I realized where my most favorite place would be. Walking into Disney all you can hear is the blaring music that sounds like birds singing it.There are sparkling ribbons flowing from every direction, they have ravishing reds, brilliant blues, and outrageous pinks. Mickey Mouse stands at the front gate with a magnificent smile and waving his goofy looking hand. I ran up to give him a hug because my excitement to see him was almost terrifying. While wrapping my baby-sized arms around him, he is fuzzy and smells like an abundance of different types of candy. My dad then wisped me u p on his shoulders and it felt like I was on the Eiffel Tower.From being up on top of the world, I peered ahead and saw the most radiant view ever. Running down the little town like road, I had almost missed what the buildings had to show me. The buildings stood enormous and all perfectly decorated with what was in the shops. The toy store had the most mesmerizing appearance and it caught my eye right away. Glass figurines sat elegant in the old wooden window frame while the train twirled around blowing smoke around them. Across the red cobblestone road was the bakery.The luscious smell of chocolate cakes and candy apples replenish the air. The delectable pastries were placed on different shelves. Moist chocolate cakes with dark icing and white bows on top lay across a golden tray on the middle shelf. On the same shelf are eggshell color cookies with Mickey Mouse ears. Below are the same cookie but on these ones have the same ears but were different because they have a ruby red bow between them which were Minnie Mouse ears. Both of them look heavenly to the taste buds and no doubt every kid wants them.The aspect of having a cookie with a character on it was mind blowing to most kids. They never realize that the characters on the cookies were really there. Woody was right on that same street and he was from my favorite movie. He looks as perfection would come. His hat a rustic brown while his badge gleams in the sun with every turn he took. The boots he wore have Andy’s name written across but as worn as a rage doll it is. I was told that this wasn’t the best part and it was sure to come soon.Instead of looking at every store that I thought would each be wonderful, we continued down the road onto other things that day. The one thing everyone knows about Disney World is Cinderella’s Castle. No one every describs how majestic it really is though. The stone it is built of shined when every light hit it. The elegance of the building was so exub erant that it made you feel like you were at a royal gathering. On each of the colossal towers, a flag was gliding through the air. The doors on the castle were massive!They have an antique look to them with wooden panels and a metal door handle. This castle is one of the things Disney needs to tell more of because no one knows its true beauty. Disney World has taken my breathe away since I was only eight years old and still I can be mesmerized with what it has to hold. It might be just a place to go on vacation for some, and others can be somewhere there kids will never forget. My parents wanted it to be that somewhere to never forget and it worked, because now Disney World is my most favorite place to be. Disney World The Walt Disney Company was founded in 1923 by Walter Elias Disney. It has four main business segments. These include Studio Entertainment, Parks and Resorts, Consumer Products, and Media Networks. It is currently the #2 media conglomerate right behind Time Warner. It was ranked 64 on the Fortune 500 companies list. It is currently competing with Time Warner, CBS Corp and News Corp. The main goal of Disney Land is to make people happy and create by far â€Å"the happiest place on Earth†. The goal of every employee is to treat each customer like their own guest.The main objective of this portrayal is to make people believe that nothing bad happens at Disneyland. A community objective of the company is to keep children engaged in creative, constructive and healthy activities. The company guides relationships with adults and offers a wide range of character building opportunities. Disney also encourages compassion and love for one another and especially to those who are facing ad versity. The Walt Disney Company follows the best business standards in all of its practices.Employees are trained about the business standards and ethics by the Business Conduct Training Center at Disney. This helps ensure that all employees have the information and guidance to act lawfully and morally. Walt Disney’s hiring practices are such that they provide equal opportunity to all employees and candidates regardless of â€Å"race, religion, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, covered veteran status, mental or physical disability, pregnancy, or any other basis prohibited by state or federal law.† (Business Standards and Ethics)Walt Disney also prevents harassment and has clear policies on discrimination. Therefore, no employee can harass a guest or another employee â€Å"for any reason prohibited by law, including, but not limited to, race, religion, color, sex, and sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, covered veteran status, mental or physical disability, pregnancy, or any other basis prohibited by state or federal law†. (Business Standards and Ethics) Disney World My favorite place I can remember was when I went to Disney World for the first time. It was in February 2002 and I was eight years old. It was Christmas day when my dad and step mom came over and gave us just one gift. The gift was a picture frame and inside it was a paper with pink dotted outline and cursive writing that said â€Å"We’re going to Disney World this February. † That’s when I realized where my most favorite place would be. Walking into Disney all you can hear is the blaring music that sounds like birds singing it.There are sparkling ribbons flowing from every direction, they have ravishing reds, brilliant blues, and outrageous pinks. Mickey Mouse stands at the front gate with a magnificent smile and waving his goofy looking hand. I ran up to give him a hug because my excitement to see him was almost terrifying. While wrapping my baby-sized arms around him, he is fuzzy and smells like an abundance of different types of candy. My dad then wisped me u p on his shoulders and it felt like I was on the Eiffel Tower.From being up on top of the world, I peered ahead and saw the most radiant view ever. Running down the little town like road, I had almost missed what the buildings had to show me. The buildings stood enormous and all perfectly decorated with what was in the shops. The toy store had the most mesmerizing appearance and it caught my eye right away. Glass figurines sat elegant in the old wooden window frame while the train twirled around blowing smoke around them. Across the red cobblestone road was the bakery.The luscious smell of chocolate cakes and candy apples replenish the air. The delectable pastries were placed on different shelves. Moist chocolate cakes with dark icing and white bows on top lay across a golden tray on the middle shelf. On the same shelf are eggshell color cookies with Mickey Mouse ears. Below are the same cookie but on these ones have the same ears but were different because they have a ruby red bow between them which were Minnie Mouse ears. Both of them look heavenly to the taste buds and no doubt every kid wants them.The aspect of having a cookie with a character on it was mind blowing to most kids. They never realize that the characters on the cookies were really there. Woody was right on that same street and he was from my favorite movie. He looks as perfection would come. His hat a rustic brown while his badge gleams in the sun with every turn he took. The boots he wore have Andy’s name written across but as worn as a rage doll it is. I was told that this wasn’t the best part and it was sure to come soon.Instead of looking at every store that I thought would each be wonderful, we continued down the road onto other things that day. The one thing everyone knows about Disney World is Cinderella’s Castle. No one every describs how majestic it really is though. The stone it is built of shined when every light hit it. The elegance of the building was so exub erant that it made you feel like you were at a royal gathering. On each of the colossal towers, a flag was gliding through the air. The doors on the castle were massive!They have an antique look to them with wooden panels and a metal door handle. This castle is one of the things Disney needs to tell more of because no one knows its true beauty. Disney World has taken my breathe away since I was only eight years old and still I can be mesmerized with what it has to hold. It might be just a place to go on vacation for some, and others can be somewhere there kids will never forget. My parents wanted it to be that somewhere to never forget and it worked, because now Disney World is my most favorite place to be.